Apa Itu Verb
Phrase
Verb Phrase merupakan
kata kerja berbentuk frase sehingga tidak hanya ditulis hanya satu kata kerja
saja.
Contoh
Dari Verb Phrase
I
have A Pencil
I
Have Bought A Pencil
Di kalimat pertama, kita
menjumpai verb yaitu have. Sedangkan,
di kalimat yang kedua, kita menjumpai verb phrase yaitu have bought. Phrase atau frase tentu tidak hanya terdiri dari satu
kata saja bukan? kesimpulannya adalah verb phrase merupakan verb yang tidak
hanya terdiri dari satu kata. Namun, tetap berfungsi sebagai verb.
Adapun
bentuk – bentuk dari Verb Phrase
-
Auxiliary Verb (Be) + Present Participle
(-Ing form)
Auxiliary verbs (be) adalah
is, am, are, was, dan were. Sedangkan present participle yaitu kata kerja yang
ditambahkan akhiran –ing. Bentuk ini digunakan pada present dan past continuous
tense.
Contoh
Dari Auxiliary Verb (Be) + Present Participle (-Ing form )
I was sleeping when you called me.
She is taking a bath.
He is talking with me.
Contoh diatas terdapat be
verbs ditambah dengan present participle. Itulah verbs phrase.
Adapun
bentuk – bentuk dari Verb Phrase
-
Auxiliary verb (have) + Past Participle
(Verb 3)
Auxiliary verbs terbagi
menjadi dua yaitu have, has, dan had (past). Sedangkan past participle, biasa
dikenal dengan sebutan kata kerja bentuk ketiga. Bentuk seperti ini digunakan
untuk present dan past perfect. Seperti contoh di atas, yang saya garis bawahi
berikut ini merupakan verb phrase.
Contoh
dari Auxiliary verb (have) + Past Participle (Verb 3)
I have planned to go to Europe.
She has cleaned the room.
They had taken the medicine.
Adapun
bentuk – bentuk dari Verb Phrase
-
Auxiliary verb (have been) + Present
Participle (-Ing form)
Selanjutnya, auxiliary
verbs dengan cakupan have been, has been, dan had been (past). Kemudian ditambah
dengan present participle atau kata kerja berakhiran –ing. Ini merupakan bentuk
dari present dan past perfect continuous tense.
Contoh
dari Auxiliary verb (have been) + Present Participle (-Ing form)
She has been waiting for you for three
hours.
They had been cleaning this room.
I have been staying in this house for
these three years.
Adapun
bentuk – bentuk dari Verb Phrase
-
Modal Verb + Main Verb
Modal verb yaitu, can,
could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would. Sementara main verb adalah
kata kerja utama
Contoh
dari Modal Verb + Main Verb
I can speak English.
She will work with me.
She might be younger than me.
Apa
Itu Tenses
Berdasarkan pembagian
waktunya, Tenses didalam tata bahasa inggris dibagi menjadi 3,yaitu:
1. Sekarang (Present tense)
2. Dulu (Past tense)
3. Akan datang (Futuretense )
1. Sekarang (Present tense)
2. Dulu (Past tense)
3. Akan datang (Futuretense )
Dari Masing-masing 3
pembagian waktu tersebut kemudian dibagi lagi menjadi 3 bagian berdasarkan cara
penggunaannya:
1. Simple (Sederhana).
2. Continuous (Sedang dilakukan).
3. Perfect (sudah selesai dilakukan).
1. Simple (Sederhana).
2. Continuous (Sedang dilakukan).
3. Perfect (sudah selesai dilakukan).
Berikut ini adalah
penjelasan 16 Tenses yang terrdapat pada tata Bahasa Inggris dan Contoh
Kalimatnya.
1.
Simple Present
Adalah Untuk meyatakan
suatu kebenaran umum/ mutlak
Rumus
• (+)S + Tobe + Noun/ Adjective
• (-) S + Tobe +Not+ Noun/ Adjective
• (?)Tobe + S +Noun/ Adjective ?
• (+)S + Tobe + Noun/ Adjective
• (-) S + Tobe +Not+ Noun/ Adjective
• (?)Tobe + S +Noun/ Adjective ?
Contoh
:
• (+) She is smart
• (-) She is nit smart
• (?)Is she smart?
• (+) She is smart
• (-) She is nit smart
• (?)Is she smart?
Untuk
meyatakan suatu pekerjaan rutin.
Rumus
• (+) S + V1 ( + Object )
• (-) S + Do/Does + not +V1
• (?)Do/Does + not + S + V1?
Contoh :
• (+) She eats an apple
• (-) She does not eat apple
• (?) Does she eat apple?
Rumus
• (+) S + V1 ( + Object )
• (-) S + Do/Does + not +V1
• (?)Do/Does + not + S + V1?
Contoh :
• (+) She eats an apple
• (-) She does not eat apple
• (?) Does she eat apple?
2. Present Continuous
Adalah untuk
meyatakan suatu pekerjaan yang sedang berlangsung
Rumus
• (+) S + am/is/are + Verb.ing
• (-) S + am/is/are + not + Verb.ing
• (?) Am/is/are + S + Verb.ing
• (+) S + am/is/are + Verb.ing
• (-) S + am/is/are + not + Verb.ing
• (?) Am/is/are + S + Verb.ing
Contoh
:
• She is reading a magazine
• She is not reading a magazine
• Is she reding a magazine?
• She is reading a magazine
• She is not reading a magazine
• Is she reding a magazine?
3.
Present Perfect
Adalah untuk meyatakan
suatu pekerjaan yang telah usai pada saat sekarang.
Rumus
• (+) S + have/has + V3
• (-) S + have/has + not + V3
• (?) Have/has + S + V3?
Rumus
• (+) S + have/has + V3
• (-) S + have/has + not + V3
• (?) Have/has + S + V3?
Contoh
:
• She has eaten an apple
• She has not eaten an apple
• Has she eaten an apple?
• She has eaten an apple
• She has not eaten an apple
• Has she eaten an apple?
4.
Present Perfect Continuous tense
Adalah untuk meyatakan
suatu pekerjaan yang sudah terjadi dan masih terdapat kemungkinan
terjadi sampai nanti.
Rumus
• (+) S + have/has + been + Ving
• (-) S + have/has + not + been + Ving
• (?) Have/has + S + been + Ving
Contoh :
• (+) She has been waiting for you since she was at senior high school
• (-) She has not been waiting for you since she was at senior high school
• (?) Has She been waiting for you since she was at senior high school
• (+) S + have/has + been + Ving
• (-) S + have/has + not + been + Ving
• (?) Have/has + S + been + Ving
Contoh :
• (+) She has been waiting for you since she was at senior high school
• (-) She has not been waiting for you since she was at senior high school
• (?) Has She been waiting for you since she was at senior high school
5.
Simple Past tense
Adalah menunjukkan
pekerjaan yang terjadi pada masa lampau atau waktu pekerjaan sudah lewat namun
tidak menunjukkan bahwa pekerjaan atau kegiatan tersebut telah selesai.
Rumus
• (+) S + V2 + O
• (-) S + did + not + Verb1
• (?) Did + S + Verb1)
• (+) S + V2 + O
• (-) S + did + not + Verb1
• (?) Did + S + Verb1)
Contoh
:
• (+) she ate meatball in the canteen
• (-) she did not eat meatball in the canteen
• (?) Did she eat meatball in the canteen?
• (+) she ate meatball in the canteen
• (-) she did not eat meatball in the canteen
• (?) Did she eat meatball in the canteen?
6.
Past Continuous.
Adalah ntuk menunjukkan
pekerjaan yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau.
Rumus
• (+) S + was/were + Ving
• (-) S + was/were + not + Ving
• (?) Was/were + S + Ving
• (+) S + was/were + Ving
• (-) S + was/were + not + Ving
• (?) Was/were + S + Ving
Contoh
:
• (+) She was watching television at 2 o’clock
• (-) She was not watching television at 2 o’clock
• (?) was She watching television at 2 o’clock
• (+) She was watching television at 2 o’clock
• (-) She was not watching television at 2 o’clock
• (?) was She watching television at 2 o’clock
7. Past Perfect.
Untuk menunjukkan
pekerjaan yang telah selesai ketika pekerjaan lain baru dimulai pada masa lampau.
Rumus
• (+) S + Had + V3
• (-) S + Had + not + V3
• (?) Had + S + V3
• (+) S + Had + V3
• (-) S + Had + not + V3
• (?) Had + S + V3
Contoh
:
• (+) She had finished doing her homework before you came here
• (-) She had not finished doing her homework before you came here
• (?) had She finished doing her homework before you came here?
• (+) She had finished doing her homework before you came here
• (-) She had not finished doing her homework before you came here
• (?) had She finished doing her homework before you came here?
8.
Past Perfect Continuous
Adalah untuk menunjukkan
pekerjaan yang sudah terjadi pada masa lalu dan masih berlangsung hingga waktu
tertentu pada masa lampau.
Rumus
• (+) S + had + been + Ving
• (-) S+had+not+been+Ving
• (?) had+S+been+Ving
Contoh
• (+) She had been playing badminton at 7 o’clock
• (-) She had not been playing badminton at 7 o’clock
• (?) had She been playing badminton at 7 o’clock?
• (+) S + had + been + Ving
• (-) S+had+not+been+Ving
• (?) had+S+been+Ving
Contoh
• (+) She had been playing badminton at 7 o’clock
• (-) She had not been playing badminton at 7 o’clock
• (?) had She been playing badminton at 7 o’clock?
9.
Simple Future
Adalah menunjukkan pekerjaan
sederhana yang akan terjadi
Rumus
• (+) S + will + Verb1
• (-) S + will+ not + Verb1
• (?) Will + S + Verb1
Contoh :
• (+) she will go to Bandung tomorrow
• (-) she will not go to Bandung tomorrow
• (?) will she go to Bandung tomorrow?
• (+) S + will + Verb1
• (-) S + will+ not + Verb1
• (?) Will + S + Verb1
Contoh :
• (+) she will go to Bandung tomorrow
• (-) she will not go to Bandung tomorrow
• (?) will she go to Bandung tomorrow?
10.
Future Continuous
Adalah untuk menunjukkan
pekerjaan yang sedang terjadi pada masa yang akan datang.
Rumus
• (+) S + will + be + Verb ing
• (-) S+ will + not + be + Verb ing
• (?) Will + S + be + Verb ing
• (+) S + will + be + Verb ing
• (-) S+ will + not + be + Verb ing
• (?) Will + S + be + Verb ing
Contoh
:
• (+) he will be working tomorrow at 10 o’clock
• (-) he will not be working tomorrow at 10 o’clock
• (?) will he be working tomorrow at 10 o’clock?
• (+) he will be working tomorrow at 10 o’clock
• (-) he will not be working tomorrow at 10 o’clock
• (?) will he be working tomorrow at 10 o’clock?
11.
Future Perfect
Adalah untuk menunjukkan
pekerjaan yang telah selesai di masa yang akan datang.
Rumus
• (+) S + will + have + V3
• (-) S + will + have + not + V3
• (?) Will + S + have + V3
Contoh :
• She will have finished cooking at 10 o’clock
• (-) She will not have finished cooking at 10 o’clock
• (?) will She have finished cooking at 10 o’clock
• (+) S + will + have + V3
• (-) S + will + have + not + V3
• (?) Will + S + have + V3
Contoh :
• She will have finished cooking at 10 o’clock
• (-) She will not have finished cooking at 10 o’clock
• (?) will She have finished cooking at 10 o’clock
12.
Future Perfect Continuous
Adalah menyatakan
peristiwa yang sudah dimulai dan masih berlangsung namun kejadiannya tidak
sekarang tapi di masa depan.
Rumus
• (+) S+will+have+been+Ving
• (-) S+will+have+not+been+Ving,
• (?) Will+S+have+been+Ving,
• (+) S+will+have+been+Ving
• (-) S+will+have+not+been+Ving,
• (?) Will+S+have+been+Ving,
Contoh
:
• (+) She will have been working at 10 o’clock
• (-) She will not have been working at 10 o’clock
• (?) Will she have been working at 10 o’clock?
• (+) She will have been working at 10 o’clock
• (-) She will not have been working at 10 o’clock
• (?) Will she have been working at 10 o’clock?
13.
Past Future
Adalah untuk menunjukkan
pekerjaan yang akan dilakukandan akan selesai pada masa lampau.
Rumus
• (+): S + would + Infinitive/Verb1
• (-): S + would + not + Infinitive/Verb1
• (?): Would + S + Infinitive/Verb1
• (+): S + would + Infinitive/Verb1
• (-): S + would + not + Infinitive/Verb1
• (?): Would + S + Infinitive/Verb1
Contoh
:
• (+)she would finish washing if you didn’t come here.
• (-)she would not finish washing if you didn’t come here.
• (?)would she finish washing if you didn’t come here.
• (+)she would finish washing if you didn’t come here.
• (-)she would not finish washing if you didn’t come here.
• (?)would she finish washing if you didn’t come here.
14.
Past Future Continuous
Adalah untuk menunjukkan
pekerjaan yang akan sedang dilakukan di masa lampau.
Rumus
(+) S + would + be + Verb.ing
(-) S + would + not + be + Verb.ing
(?) Would + S + be + Verb.ing
(+) S + would + be + Verb.ing
(-) S + would + not + be + Verb.ing
(?) Would + S + be + Verb.ing
Contoh
:
(+) she would be finish cooking if the stove is not broken
(-) she would not be finish cooking if the stove is not broken
(?) would she be finish cooking if the stove is not broken
(+) she would be finish cooking if the stove is not broken
(-) she would not be finish cooking if the stove is not broken
(?) would she be finish cooking if the stove is not broken
15.
Past Future Perfect
Adalah untuk menunjukkan
pekerjaan yang akan sudah selesai dilakukan pada masa lampau.
Rumus
(+) S + would + have + been + V3
(-) S + would + not + have + been + V3
(?) Would +S+ have+ been+ V3
Contoh :
(+) This office would have been painted if all workers had came yesterday.
(-) This office would not have been painted if all workers had came yesterday
(?) Would This office have been painted if all workers had came yesterday?
(+) S + would + have + been + V3
(-) S + would + not + have + been + V3
(?) Would +S+ have+ been+ V3
Contoh :
(+) This office would have been painted if all workers had came yesterday.
(-) This office would not have been painted if all workers had came yesterday
(?) Would This office have been painted if all workers had came yesterday?
16.
Past Future Perfect Continuous
Adalah untuk menunjukkan
pekerjaan yang mungkin akan telah dilakukan dan masih dilakukan pada masa lalu.
Rumus
(+) S + would + have + been + V-ing
(-) S + would + not + have + been + V-ing
(?) Would + S + have + been + V-ing?
(+) S + would + have + been + V-ing
(-) S + would + not + have + been + V-ing
(?) Would + S + have + been + V-ing?
Contoh
:
(+) she would have been sleeping if the fan was not broken
(-) she would not have been sleeping if the fan was broken
(?) would she have been sleeping if the fan was broken ?
(+) she would have been sleeping if the fan was not broken
(-) she would not have been sleeping if the fan was broken
(?) would she have been sleeping if the fan was broken ?
Apa
itu subject-verb agreement
Subject – Verb Agreement
merupakan kesesuaian antara kata kerja (verb) dan subject dalam kalimat dalam
hal jumlah (number), yaitu tunggal (singular) atau jamak (plural). Subjek dalam
kalimat dapat berupa kata benda (noun), kata ganti (pronoun), atau bentuk lain
yang berfungsi kata benda (noun), seperti Gerund (V-ing) dan infinitive (V1).
Pada dasarnya, subjek tunggal (singular subject) menggunakan kata kerja tunggal
(singular verb) yang ditambahkan akhiran -s/ -es untuk orang ketiga tunggal
(third person) contihnya adalah Ann, Roy, Andi, dll, sedangkan subjek jamak
(plural subject) menggunakan kata kerja jamak (plural verb) tanpa akhiran -s/
-es, akan tetapi akhiran tersebut diberikan pada subjek kalimat karena subjek
tersebut dalam bentuk jamak.
Aturan tersebut berlaku
untuk orang ketiga tunggal (third person), dan juga untuk kata ganti personal
(Personal Pronoun), contohnya yaitu we dan they (jamak) dan she, he, it (tunggal).
You dan I merupakan pengecualian karena meskipun kata ganti tersebut berbentuk
tunggal, kata ganti tersebut menggunakan aturan jamak untuk kata kerjanya.
Contoh
Kalimat Subject – Verb Agreement
Subject = italic
Verb = bold
The girls play together
in the park. (Anak – anak perempuan bermain bersama di taman)
The cat plays a
yarn ball. (Kucing bermain sebuah bola benang)
Andi likes pizza
and spaghetti. (Andi suka pizza dan spaghetti)
I like fried
rice, chicken soup, and cake. (Saya suka nasi goreng, sup ayam, dan kue)
Akan tetapi jika
terdapat kata kerja bantu (helping verb), maka helping vern tersebutlah yang
berubah bentuknya, sedangkan kata kerja utama (main verb) nya tetap dalam
bentuk dasar (base form). Contoh kata kerja bantu (helping verb) yaitu is,
does, has (untuk subjek tunggal), dan are, do, have (untuk subjek jamak).
Khusus untuk kata kerja has dan have aturan tersebut tidak berlaku jika kata
kerja tersebut berada di belakang kata kerja bantu (helping verb) yang lain.
Contoh
Kalimat Subject – Verb Agreement dengan Helping Verb
Subject = italic
Verb = bold
Helping Verb = underline
One student in
Class XII A always comes late to school. (Seorang siswa dari kelas
XII A selalu datang terlambat ke sekolah)
My friends like watching
movies together. (Teman – temanku suka menonton film bersama)
Aiden is working in
the office now. (Aiden sedang bekerja di kantor sekarang)
I do have a
nice dress for you. (Saya benar – benar punya gaun yang indah untukmu)
The secretary has checked my
documents before she gives it to the manager. (Sekertaris telah mengecek
dokumen saya sebelum dia memberikannya kepada manajer)
She will have been cooking
for dinner when I come. (Dia akan telah sedang memasak untuk makan malam ketika
saya datang)
Note:
Aturan has – have yang
telah dijelaskan di atas tidak berlaku.
Sedangkan untuk
Past Tense, tidak terdapat perbedaan bentuk kata kerja untuk subjek tunggal
atau jamak jika tidak ada kata kerja bantu (helping verb), yaitu was dan were.
Contoh
Kalimat Subject – Verb Agreement
Subject = italic
Helping Verb = underline
The lion was eating
its prey. (Singa tersebut sedang memakan mangsanya)
They were doing
their school assignments. (Mereka sedang mengerjakan tugas sekolah mereka)
He swam in the
swimming pool. (Dia berenang di kolam renang)
We swam in the
lake. (Kami berenang di danau)
Note:
Tidak ada perbedaan
bentuk kata kerja pada subjek He dan We dalam Past Tense tanpa Helping Verb. Jika
kata kerja yang digunakan adalah kata kerja penghubung (linking verb), maka
kata kerja am, is (khusus I), dan was (past tense) digunakan oleh subjek
tunggal (singular subjek), sedangkan are (present tense) dan were (past tense)
digunakan oleh subjek jamak (plural subject).
Contoh
Kalimat Subject – Verb Agreement dengan Linking Verb
Subject = italic
Linking Verb = underline
James is (James
rajin)
The guys are (Laki
– laki tersebut mengganggu)
I was a
basketball player. (Saya dulu seorang pemain basket)
My paintings were bought
by him. (Lukisan – lukisan saya dibeli olehnya)
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